1. Strategic HR Management: As a part of maintaining organizational competitiveness, strategic planning for HR effectiveness can be increased through the use of HR metrics and HR technology. Human resource planning (HRP) function determine the number and type of employees needed to accomplish organizational goals.
HRP includes creating venture teams with a balanced skill-mix, recruiting the right people, and voluntary team assignment. This function analyzes and determines personnel needs in order to create effective innovation teams. The basic HRP strategies are staffing and employee development.
2. Equal Employment Opportunity: Compliance with equal employment opportunity (EEO) laws and regulations affect all other HR activities.
3. Staffing: The aim of staffing is to provide a sufficient supply of qualified individuals to fill jobs in an organization. Job analysis, recruitment and selection are the main functions under staffing.
Workers job design and job analysis laid the foundation for staffing by identifying what diverse people do in their jobs and how they are affected by them. Job analysis is the process of describing the nature of a job and specifying the human requirements such as knowledge, skills and experience needed to perform the job. The end result of job analysis is job description. Job description spells out work duties and activities of employees.
Through HR planning, managers anticipate the future supply of and demand for employees and the nature of workforce issues, including the retention of employees. So HRP precedes the actual selection of people for organization. These factors are used when recruiting applicants for job openings. The selection process is concerned with choosing qualified individuals to fill those jobs. In the selection function, the most qualified applicants are selected for hiring from among the applicants based on the extent to which their abilities and skills are matching with the job.
4. Talent Management and Development: Beginning with the orientation of new employees, talent management and development includes different types of training. Orientation is the first step towards helping a new employee to adjust himself with the new job and the employer. It is a method to acquaint new employees with particular aspects of their new job, including pay and benefit programmes, working hours and company rules and expectations.
Training and Development programs provide useful means of assuring that the employees are capable of performing their jobs at acceptable levels and also more than that.
All the organizations provide training for new and inexperienced employee. In addition, organization often provide both on the job and off the job training programmes for those employees whose jobs are undergoing change. Likewise, HR development and succession planning of employees and managers both are necessary to prepare for future challenges. Career planning has developed as result of the desire of many employees to grow in their jobs and to advance in their career. Career planning activities include assessing an individual employee’s potential for growth and advancement in the organization.
Performance appraisal includes encouraging risk taking, demanding innovation, generating or adopting new tasks, peer evaluation, frequent evaluations and auditing innovation processes.
This function monitors employee performance to ensure that it is at acceptable levels or not. This strategy appraises individual and team performance so that there is a- link between individual innovativeness and company profitability. Which tasks should be appraised and who should assess employees’ performance are also taken into account.
5. Total Rewards: Compensation in the form of pay, incentives and benefits are the rewards given to the employees for performing organizational work. Compensation management is the method for determining how much employees should be paid for performing certain jobs. Compensation affects staffing and in the matter of staffing; people are generally attracted to organizations offering a higher level of pay in exchange of the work performed.
To be competitive, employers develop and refine their basic compensation systems and may use variable pay programs such as incentive rewards, promotion from within the team, recognition rewards, balancing team and individual rewards etc. This function uses rewards to motivate personnel to achieve an organization's goals of productivity, innovation and profitability.
Compensation is also related to employee development in the matter of compensation; it provides an important incentive for motivating employees to higher levels of job performance in the organization.
Benefits are another form of compensation to employees other than direct pay for the work performed. Benefits include both legally required items and those offered at employer’s discretion. Benefits are primarily related to the area of employee maintenance as they provide for many basic employee needs.
6. Risk Management and Worker Protection: HRM addresses various workplace risks to ensure protection of workers by meeting legal requirements and being more responsive to concern for workplace health and safety along with disaster and recovery planning.
7. Employee and Labor Relations: The relationship between managers and their employees must be handled legally and effectively. Employer and employee rights must be addressed. It is important to develop, communicate and update HR policies and procedures so that managers and employees alike know what is expected. In some organizations, union/management relations must be addressed as well.
The term labour relation refers to the interaction with employees who are represented by a trade union. Unions are organization of employees who join together to obtain more voice in decisions affecting wages, benefits, working conditions and other aspects of employment. With regard to labour relations the major function of HR personnel includes negotiating with the unions regarding wages, service conditions and resolving disputes and grievances.
